Furthermore, body mass index is thought to be associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline in older adults after adjusting for waist circumference ( Rodríguez-Fernández et al., 2017). Previous studies have reported that abdominal obesity based on waist circumference may be related to a higher probability of dementia ( Chang et al., 2012). For example, waist circumference is known to be an established predictor of all-cause mortality ( Adegbija et al., 2017), and also to be associated with cognitive function. Therefore, continued research on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function is needed.Ĭardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are negatively correlated with mortality rate in older adults ( Loprinzi et al., 2017). However, it has also been demonstrated that an exercise intervention can only improve aerobic fitness, and not cognitive function ( Smiley-Oyen et al., 2008). Specifically, it has been shown that cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly associated with cognitive function in older women ( Brown et al., 2010), and that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is beneficial in maintaining executive function in healthy older adults by enhancing the efficiency of the global brain network ( Kawagoe et al., 2017). High levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risks of cognitive impairment, and physical activity has been emphasized as a protective factor against cognitive decline and dementia ( Bangsbo et al., 2019 Laurin et al., 2001). Though limited by a relatively small sample of female participants, who were healthy registrants of a community exercise program with normal cognitive function, the current study demonstrates that cognitive function is significantly associated with physical fitness, but not with health status, in healthy older women. In both models, cognitive function was not significantly associated with any health status variable. Memory was significantly associated with lower limb strength (B=0.87, P<0.05). In the adjusted model, attention was significantly associated with cardiovascular endurance (B=0.15, P<0.05). Memory was significantly associated with lower limb strength (B=0.77, P<0.05) and active balance ability (B=2.35, P<0.05). In the unadjusted model, attention was significantly associated with cardiovascular endurance (B=0.19, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship among cognitive function, fitness components, and health status, with age and educational attainment as covariates. Health status included blood pressure and waist circumference. Physical performance comprised cardiorespiratory endurance, lower extremity strength, active balance ability, and walking speed. Cognitive function was assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery. Ninety-four females aged from 62 to 86 years (72.66±5.38 years) from community healthcare centers and an exercise club in Seoul, South Korea. This study examined the association among cognitive function, physical fitness, and health status in healthy older women.
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